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The Mitterrand doctrine ("''Doctrine Mitterrand''") was a policy established in 1985 by French president François Mitterrand concerning Italian far-left terrorists who fled to France: those convicted for violent acts in Italy, but excluding "active, actual, bloody terrorism" during the "Years of Lead", would not be extradited to Italy. Mitterrand based this oral promise, which was upheld until the 2000s by France, on the alleged non-conformity of Italian legislation with European standards. The French president opposed aspects of the anti-terrorist laws passed in Italy during the 1970s and 1980s, which created the status of ''"collaboratore di giustizia"'' ("collaborators with justice", known commonly, as ''pentito''.) This was similar to the "crown witness" legislation in the UK or the Witness Protection Program in the United States, in which people charged with crimes are allowed to become witnesses for the state and possibly to receive reduced sentences and protection. Italian legislation also provided that, if a defendant was able to conduct his defence via his lawyers, trials held ''in absentia'' did not need to be repeated if he were eventually apprehended. The Italian ''in absentia'' procedure was upheld by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). The Mitterrand doctrine was effectively repealed in 2002, under the government of Jean-Pierre Raffarin, when Paolo Persichetti was extradited from France. == Establishment of the doctrine == Mitterrand defined his doctrine during a speech at the ''Palais des sports'' in Rennes on February 1, 1985. Mitterrand excluded from this protection those who had committed "active, actual, bloody terrorism". On April 21, 1985, at the 65th Congress of the Human Rights League (LDH), he declared that Italian criminals who had broken with their violent past and had fled to France would be protected from extradition to Italy: ''"Italian refugees (...) who took part in terrorist action before 1981 (...) have broken links with the infernal machine in which they participated, have begun a second phase of their lives, have integrated into French society (...) I told the Italian government that they were safe from any sanction by the means of extradition"''.〔''Les réfugiés italiens (...) qui ont participé à l'action terroriste avant 1981 (...) ont rompu avec la machine infernale dans laquelle ils s'étaient engagés, ont abordé une deuxième phase de leur propre vie, se sont inséré dans la société française (...). J'ai dit au gouvernement italien qu'ils étaient à l'abri de toute sanction par voie d'extradition (...).''〕 This policy statement was followed by French justice when it came to the extradition of far-left Italian terrorists or activists. According to a 2007 article by the ''Corriere della Sera'', Mitterrand was convinced by the Abbé Pierre to protect these persons.〔(Abbé Pierre, il frate ribelle che scelse gli emarginati ), ''Corriere della Sera'', January 23, 2007 〕 According to Cesare Battisti's lawyers, Mitterrand had given his word in consultation with the Italian Premier, Bettino Craxi.〔See DROITS ACQUIS DROITS DENIES, on (Parole donnée )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mitterrand doctrine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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